Stroage Latency Comparison
L1 cache reference 0.5 ns
Branch mispredict 5 ns
L2 cache reference 7 ns 14x L1 cache
Mutex lock/unlock 25 ns
VMFUNC with eptp switching 54 ns
Main memory reference 100 ns 20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache
getpid 120 ns
CR3 Update without TLB flush 120 ns
Compress 1K bytes with Zippy 3,000 ns 3 us
Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network 10,000 ns 10 us
Read 4K randomly from SSD* 150,000 ns 150 us ~1GB/sec SSD
Read 1 MB sequentially from memory 250,000 ns 250 us
Round trip within same datacenter 500,000 ns 500 us
Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD* 1,000,000 ns 1,000 us 1 ms ~1GB/sec SSD, 4X memory
Disk seek 10,000,000 ns 10,000 us 10 ms 20x datacenter roundtrip
Read 1 MB sequentially from disk 20,000,000 ns 20,000 us 20 ms 80x memory, 20X SSD
Send packet CA->Netherlands->CA 150,000,000 ns 150,000 us 150 ms
Instructions
MOV 1 cycles
JMP (Short) 1 cycles
JMP (Far) 16-20 cycles
CALL (Far) 16-22 cycles
CALL (Near) 3 cycles
INT 33 cycles
IRET 32 cycles
CLI 8-9 cycles
STI 16-17 cycles
RDTSC 5 cycles
WRPKRU 22 cycles
RDPKRU 7 cycles
WRMSR (0x6E1 PKS) 320 cycles
RDMSR (0x6E1 PKS) 120 cycles